Mastering Linux Basics: Essential Commands Every User Should Know

 Mastering Linux Basics: Essential Commands Every User Should Know

 Mastering Linux Basics: Essential Commands Every User Should Know

Are you ready to elevate your Linux proficiency? Whether you're a newcomer or a seasoned user, mastering essential Linux commands is key to navigating the powerful world of open-source computing. In this guide, we'll walk you through some fundamental commands that form the backbone of Linux operations.

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Command	Example	Purpose
ls	ls	view all files in current folder
ls -R	ls R	will show current files and the nested files
pwd	pwd	view your pressent working folder
cd folder name	cd Download	control will goes to Download folder
cd ..	cd ..	back to previous folder
mkdir folder name	mkdir Images	it will create new folder with Images name
rmdir folder name	rmdir Images	Images folder will be delete
rm -r folder	rm -r Images	Images folder will be delete
vim file.txt	vim test.js	if test.js file exit it will open this file in editing mode otherwise it will create new file test.js then will open it in editing mode
:wq	:wq	will save and exit changes that you made in file after opening with vim editor
:q!	:q!	will exit wile from vim without saving
cp filename backupFile name	cp test.js backup.js	it will create one more copy of test.js with backup.js name with all content
mv filename Destination	mv test.js. user/test.js	it will move test.js file in side user folder
touch filename	touch info.js	it will create info.js file
cat filename	cat info.js	to view content of file
htop	htop	will show system usage report
ps	ps	will show all running process with PID
kill pid	2915	will stop the this program that was running on this pid
lsof -i :8080	lsof -i :8080	will show which service running on  port 8080
ps aux | grep java	ps aux | grep java	will show java running at which port,  so you can other services as well
ls -lart	ls -lart	will show all hidden files
chmod permission file/folder name	chmod 744 test.js	to change permission of any file or folder
tar cf tarfile.tar file1.js file2.js	tar cf compressed.tar inof.js test.js	compressed.tar file will be created that will contain info.js and test.js
tar xf tarfile.tar	tar xf compressed.tar	will extract files
ssh	ssh user@serverip	used to login to remote server
scp file.txt 2ndserverip: path	scp file.txt user@serverip: /User	it will copy file.txt from current server to 2nd server at /User
ping sitenaem	ping www.google.com	test network conectivity
netstat	netstat	use to check network status
vi /etc/passwd	vi /etc/passwd	show to list of users
useradd username	useradd usama	will add new user at system this this user also can login to your system
passwd username	passwd usama	your can rest user password
userdel username	userdel usama	will delete your user from system
su username	su usama	swith user
groupadd groupname	groupadd WindowUser	will creat new group
cat /etc/group	cat /etc/group	will list the all groups
usermod -a -g groupName userName	usermod -a -g usama WindowUser	used to add user on group
groupdel groupNamep	groupdel WindowUser	used to delete group
df	df	give details about disk usage
date	date	show current date and time
whoami	whoami	will show the name of current logged in user
which program name	which node	will tell the path where node is installed
fingure username	fingure rizwan.zafar	will show all detail of this user
uname -a	uname -a	will show os system information
history	history	will show list of your all previously executed commands
locate filename	locate test.js	will tell the path of this file
sort filename	sort test.js	will sort the lines of file alphabetically  order
uniq filenmae	uniq test.js	will remove duplcate entries from file
head filename	head test.js	will show starting some lines of file
head 2f filename	head 2f test.js	will show first 2 lines of file
tail filename	tail test.js	will show last some lines of file
tail 2f filename	tail 2f test.js	will show las 2 lines of file
systemctl	systemctl	show all running services
systemctl status serviceName	systemctl status sshd.service	show status of specific running service
systemctl start serviceName	systemctl start sshd.service	to start service
systemctl stop serviceName	systemctl stop sshd.service	to stop service
systemctl restart serviceName	systemctl restart sshd.service	will restart service and its pid will change
systemctl reload serviceName	systemctl reload sshd.service	will reload service but pid will not be change
systemctl enable serviceName	systemctl enable sshd.service	to enable service
systemctl disable serviceName	systemctl disable sshd.service	to disable service
a2enmod moduleName	a2enmod python	is used to install a module
a2dismod moduleName	a2dismod python	used to disable module
a2ensite siteName	a2ensite 000-default	used to enable a site
a2dissite siteName	a2dissite 000-default	use to disable site
top	top	can moniter , memory and cpu
free	free	to check free memory, add -m for mb or -g for gb with free command
iostat -c	iostat -c	tells about cpu utiliseation
iostat -d	iostat -d	tells about cpu utilization
watch free	watch free	tells live status of memory
vmstat	vmstat	detailed about disk
mpstat -P ALL	mpstat -P ALL	--